Authors: Claire Laurier Decoteau,Social Science & Medicine, 2016

There is some statistical evidence indicating that Somali refugees and immigrants have high rates ofautism spectrum disorder (ASD). Somalis in North America call autism the “Western disease” because

there is no word for autism in the Somali language and because many believe it does not exist in Somalia. In Toronto, Somali parents have forged an “epistemic community,” united around a coherent theory of

the development of autism, its defining features, and most successful therapies. They work together with researchers to support the theory that gut bacteria is a causal factor for the development of autism. They

argue that it is the diet and medical environment in North America (including the use of preservatives, genetically-modified processing, and antibiotics in both health care and food production) that explains

the high rates of autism within the Somali diaspora. The paper argues that race and nationality have been underexplored in theories of embodied health movements. I argue that Somali parents' organizing

pushes theories of health social movements in new directions, by suggesting that experiences of forced migration and racial exclusion, as well as non-Western cultural ontologies of health, are important for

understanding embodied experiences of illness and the forging of “politicized collective illness identities” that challenge mainstream scientific understandings of autism. As such, Somalis' race and nationality

play key roles in their pathways to group construction, in their embodied experiences of illness, and in their resources for mobilization.